Pierre Gramegna, appointed Managing Director of the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) in December 2022, served as Luxembourg’s Minister of Finance from 2013 to 2022 and Director General of its Chamber of Commerce. His diplomatic career includes roles as Ambassador to Japan and South Korea, Consul General in San Francisco, and Embassy Attaché in Paris. He holds a law and economics degree from the Université Panthéon Assas and has received numerous international accolades.